Khóa học CTDL và GT

#include <iostream>
#include <vector> // Sử dụng vector cho sự linh hoạt

int main() {
    // Khai báo và khởi tạo mảng C-style
    int mangCoDinh[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};

    // Truy cập phần tử
    std::cout << "Phan tu tai chi so 0: " << mangCoDinh[0] << std::endl; // Output: 10
    std::cout << "Phan tu tai chi so 3: " << mangCoDinh[3] << std::endl; // Output: 40

    // Thay đổi giá trị phần tử
    mangCoDinh[1] = 25;
    std::cout << "Phan tu tai chi so 1 sau khi thay doi: " << mangCoDinh[1] << std::endl; // Output: 25

    std::cout << "---" << std::endl;

    // Khai bao va khoi tao std::vector (mang dong)
    std::vector<double> mangDong = {1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4};

    // Truy cap phan tu
    std::cout << "Phan tu dau tien cua vector: " << mangDong[0] << std::endl; // Output: 1.1
    std::cout << "Phan tu cuoi cung cua vector: " << mangDong[mangDong.size() - 1] << std::endl; // Output: 4.4

    // Them phan tu vao cuoi vector (khong the voi mang C-style co dinh)
    mangDong.push_back(5.5);
    std::cout << "Vector sau khi them phan tu cuoi: ";
    for (double val : mangDong) {
        std::cout << val << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl; // Output: Vector sau khi them phan tu cuoi: 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int arr[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
    int kichThuoc = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); // Tính kích thước mảng C-style

    std::cout << "Duyet mang bang for truyen thong: ";
    for (int i = 0; i < kichThuoc; ++i) {
        std::cout << arr[i] << " "; // Truy cap phan tu bang chi so i
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> vec = {100, 200, 300, 400};

    std::cout << "Duyet vector bang range-based for: ";
    for (int element : vec) { // 'element' se lan luot nhan gia tri cua cac phan tu trong 'vec'
        std::cout << element << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    std::cout << "Duyet mang C-style bang range-based for: ";
     for (int element : arr) { // 'element' se lan luot nhan gia tri cua cac phan tu trong 'arr'
        std::cout << element << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // Neu muon thay doi gia tri phan tu trong luc duyet bang range-based for
    std::cout << "Thay doi gia tri trong luc duyet: ";
    for (int& element : vec) { // Su dung tham chieu '&' de co the thay doi gia tri goc
        element += 1; // Tang moi phan tu len 1
        std::cout << element << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl; // Output: 101 201 301 401

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

// Ham tim kiem tuyen tinh
int timKiemTuyenTinh(const std::vector<int>& arr, int giaTriCanTim) {
    for (int i = 0; i < arr.size(); ++i) {
        if (arr[i] == giaTriCanTim) {
            return i; // Tim thay, tra ve chi so
        }
    }
    return -1; // Khong tim thay, tra ve -1 (quy uoc)
}

int main() {
    std::vector<int> numbers = {15, 22, 8, 45, 30, 8};
    int giaTri1 = 45;
    int giaTri2 = 100;
    int giaTri3 = 8;

    int viTri1 = timKiemTuyenTinh(numbers, giaTri1);
    if (viTri1 != -1) {
        std::cout << "Tim thay " << giaTri1 << " tai chi so: " << viTri1 << std::endl; // Output: Tim thay 45 tai chi so: 3
    } else {
        std::cout << "Khong tim thay " << giaTri1 << " trong mang." << std::endl;
    }

    int viTri2 = timKiemTuyenTinh(numbers, giaTri2);
    if (viTri2 != -1) {
        std::cout << "Tim thay " << giaTri2 << " tai chi so: " << viTri2 << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "Khong tim thay " << giaTri2 << " trong mang." << std::endl; // Output: Khong tim thay 100 trong mang.
    }

     int viTri3 = timKiemTuyenTinh(numbers, giaTri3);
    if (viTri3 != -1) {
        std::cout << "Tim thay " << giaTri3 << " tai chi so: " << viTri3 << std::endl; // Output: Tim thay 8 tai chi so: 2 (tim thay lan dau tien)
    } else {
        std::cout << "Khong tim thay " << giaTri3 << " trong mang." << std::endl;
    }


    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm> // Can std::sort de sap xep mang truoc khi tim kiem nhi phan

// Ham tim kiem nhi phan (ap dung cho mang DA SAP XEP)
int timKiemNhiPhan(const std::vector<int>& arr, int giaTriCanTim) {
    int low = 0;
    int high = arr.size() - 1;

    while (low <= high) {
        int mid = low + (high - low) / 2; // Tranh tran so voi (low + high) / 2

        if (arr[mid] == giaTriCanTim) {
            return mid; // Tim thay, tra ve chi so giua
        } else if (arr[mid] < giaTriCanTim) {
            low = mid + 1; // Gia tri can tim lon hon, tim o nua ben phai
        } else { // arr[mid] > giaTriCanTim
            high = mid - 1; // Gia tri can tim nho hon, tim o nua ben trai
        }
    }

    return -1; // Khong tim thay
}

int main() {
    std::vector<int> sortedNumbers = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100}; // Mang da sap xep

    int giaTri1 = 50;
    int giaTri2 = 35;

    int viTri1 = timKiemNhiPhan(sortedNumbers, giaTri1);
    if (viTri1 != -1) {
        std::cout << "Tim thay " << giaTri1 << " tai chi so: " << viTri1 << " (tim kiem nhi phan)" << std::endl; // Output: Tim thay 50 tai chi so: 4 (tim kiem nhi phan)
    } else {
        std::cout << "Khong tim thay " << giaTri1 << " trong mang (tim kiem nhi phan)." << std::endl;
    }

    int viTri2 = timKiemNhiPhan(sortedNumbers, giaTri2);
    if (viTri2 != -1) {
        std::cout << "Tim thay " << giaTri2 << " tai chi so: " << viTri2 << " (tim kiem nhi phan)" << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "Khong tim thay " << giaTri2 << " trong mang (tim kiem nhi phan)." << std::endl; // Output: Khong tim thay 35 trong mang (tim kiem nhi phan).
    }

    // Minh hoa can phai sap xep truoc
    std::vector<int> unsortedNumbers = {15, 8, 22, 45, 30};
    std::cout << "Mang chua sap xep: ";
    for(int val : unsortedNumbers) std::cout << val << " ";
    std::cout << std::endl;
    // Ket qua tim kiem nhi phan tren mang chua sap xep co the khong chinh xac!
    // int viTriSai = timKiemNhiPhan(unsortedNumbers, 22); // Co the khong tim thay hoac tim thay sai vi tri
    // std::cout << "Tim kiem 22 tren mang chua sap xep (co the sai): " << viTriSai << std::endl;

    // Sap xep mang truoc khi tim kiem
    std::sort(unsortedNumbers.begin(), unsortedNumbers.end());
    std::cout << "Mang sau khi sap xep: ";
    for(int val : unsortedNumbers) std::cout << val << " ";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    int viTriDung = timKiemNhiPhan(unsortedNumbers, 22);
     if (viTriDung != -1) {
        std::cout << "Tim thay " << 22 << " tai chi so: " << viTriDung << " (tren mang da sap xep)" << std::endl; // Output: Tim thay 22 tai chi so: 2 (tren mang da sap xep)
    } else {
        std::cout << "Khong tim thay " << 22 << " trong mang (tren mang da sap xep)." << std::endl;
    }


    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

// Ham chen phan tu vao mang C-style (can dam bao mang con dung luong)
// gia su mang co dung luong toi da la 100
void chenVaoMangCoDinh(int arr[], int& kichThuocThucTe, int dungLuongToiDa, int giaTriCanChen, int viTriCanChen) {
    // Kiem tra vi tri chen co hop le khong
    if (viTriCanChen < 0 || viTriCanChen > kichThuocThucTe) {
        std::cerr << "Loi: Vi tri chen khong hop le!" << std::endl;
        return;
    }
    // Kiem tra mang con cho trong khong
    if (kichThuocThucTe >= dungLuongToiDa) {
        std::cerr << "Loi: Mang da day, khong the chen!" << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    // Dich chuyen cac phan tu tu vi tri chen den cuoi mang sang phai
    for (int i = kichThuocThucTe; i > viTriCanChen; --i) {
        arr[i] = arr[i - 1];
    }

    // Chen gia tri moi vao vi tri trong
    arr[viTriCanChen] = giaTriCanChen;

    // Tang kich thuoc thuc te cua mang len 1
    kichThuocThucTe++;
}

int main() {
    const int DUNG_LUONG = 10;
    int mang[DUNG_LUONG] = {10, 20, 30, 40}; // Khoi tao 4 phan tu
    int kichThuocHienTai = 4; // Kich thuoc thuc te dang su dung

    std::cout << "Mang truoc khi chen: ";
    for (int i = 0; i < kichThuocHienTai; ++i) {
        std::cout << mang[i] << " "; // Output: 10 20 30 40
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // Chen gia tri 25 vao vi tri 2 (sau 20, truoc 30)
    chenVaoMangCoDinh(mang, kichThuocHienTai, DUNG_LUONG, 25, 2);

    std::cout << "Mang sau khi chen 25 vao vi tri 2: ";
    for (int i = 0; i < kichThuocHienTai; ++i) {
        std::cout << mang[i] << " "; // Output: 10 20 25 30 40
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // Chen gia tri 5 vao vi tri 0 (dau mang)
    chenVaoMangCoDinh(mang, kichThuocHienTai, DUNG_LUONG, 5, 0);

     std::cout << "Mang sau khi chen 5 vao vi tri 0: ";
    for (int i = 0; i < kichThuocHienTai; ++i) {
        std::cout << mang[i] << " "; // Output: 5 10 20 25 30 40
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // Chen gia tri 55 vao vi tri cuoi (bang kichThuocHienTai)
    chenVaoMangCoDinh(mang, kichThuocHienTai, DUNG_LUONG, 55, kichThuocHienTai); // viTriCanChen = 6

     std::cout << "Mang sau khi chen 55 vao vi tri cuoi: ";
    for (int i = 0; i < kichThuocHienTai; ++i) {
        std::cout << mang[i] << " "; // Output: 5 10 20 25 30 40 55
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // Thu chen khi mang day (gia su kichThuocHienTai da bang DUNG_LUONG)
    // ... (can bo sung logic kiem tra mang day trong thuc te)

    std::cout << "--- Chen voi std::vector ---" << std::endl;
    std::vector<int> vec = {10, 20, 30, 40};
    std::cout << "Vector truoc khi chen: ";
    for(int val : vec) std::cout << val << " ";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // Chen gia tri 25 vao vi tri 2 (index 2)
    // std::vector::insert() nhan iterator lam vi tri chen
    vec.insert(vec.begin() + 2, 25);

    std::cout << "Vector sau khi chen 25 vao vi tri 2: ";
    for(int val : vec) std::cout << val << " "; // Output: 10 20 25 30 40
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // Chen gia tri 5 vao vi tri 0
    vec.insert(vec.begin(), 5);
    std::cout << "Vector sau khi chen 5 vao vi tri 0: ";
    for(int val : vec) std::cout << val << " "; // Output: 5 10 20 25 30 40
    std::cout << std::endl;


    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

// Ham xoa phan tu khoi mang C-style tai mot vi tri
void xoaKhoiMangCoDinh(int arr[], int& kichThuocThucTe, int viTriCanXoa) {
    // Kiem tra vi tri xoa co hop le khong
    if (viTriCanXoa < 0 || viTriCanXoa >= kichThuocThucTe) {
        std::cerr << "Loi: Vi tri xoa khong hop le!" << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    // Dich chuyen cac phan tu tu vi tri can xoa + 1 den cuoi mang sang trai
    for (int i = viTriCanXoa; i < kichThuocThucTe - 1; ++i) {
        arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
    }

    // Giam kich thuoc thuc te cua mang di 1
    kichThuocThucTe--;
    // Luu y: Phan tu cuoi cung (tai chi so kichThuocThucTe truoc khi giam) van ton tai trong bo nho
    // nhung chung ta coi nhu no khong con thuoc ve mang nua.
}

int main() {
    const int DUNG_LUONG = 10;
    int mang[DUNG_LUONG] = {5, 10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 55};
    int kichThuocHienTai = 7;

    std::cout << "Mang truoc khi xoa: ";
    for (int i = 0; i < kichThuocHienTai; ++i) {
        std::cout << mang[i] << " "; // Output: 5 10 20 25 30 40 55
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // Xoa phan tu tai vi tri 2 (gia tri 20)
    xoaKhoiMangCoDinh(mang, kichThuocHienTai, 2);

    std::cout << "Mang sau khi xoa phan tu tai vi tri 2: ";
    for (int i = 0; i < kichThuocHienTai; ++i) {
        std::cout << mang[i] << " "; // Output: 5 10 25 30 40 55
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

     // Xoa phan tu tai vi tri 0 (gia tri 5)
    xoaKhoiMangCoDinh(mang, kichThuocHienTai, 0);

    std::cout << "Mang sau khi xoa phan tu tai vi tri 0: ";
    for (int i = 0; i < kichThuocHienTai; ++i) {
        std::cout << mang[i] << " "; // Output: 10 25 30 40 55
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // Xoa phan tu cuoi cung (gia tri 55)
    xoaKhoiMangCoDinh(mang, kichThuocHienTai, kichThuocHienTai - 1);

    std::cout << "Mang sau khi xoa phan tu cuoi: ";
    for (int i = 0; i < kichThuocHienTai; ++i) {
        std::cout << mang[i] << " "; // Output: 10 25 30 40
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;


     std::cout << "--- Xoa voi std::vector ---" << std::endl;
    std::vector<int> vec = {5, 10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 55};
    std::cout << "Vector truoc khi xoa: ";
    for(int val : vec) std::cout << val << " ";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // Xoa phan tu tai vi tri 2 (index 2)
    // std::vector::erase() nhan iterator lam vi tri xoa
    vec.erase(vec.begin() + 2);

    std::cout << "Vector sau khi xoa phan tu tai vi tri 2: ";
    for(int val : vec) std::cout << val << " "; // Output: 5 10 25 30 40 55
    std::cout << std::endl;

     // Xoa phan tu tai vi tri 0
    vec.erase(vec.begin());
     std::cout << "Vector sau khi xoa phan tu tai vi tri 0: ";
    for(int val : vec) std::cout << val << " "; // Output: 10 25 30 40 55
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // Xoa phan tu cuoi cung
    vec.pop_back(); // Cach don gian hon xoa phan tu cuoi
    // Hoac vec.erase(vec.end() - 1);
     std::cout << "Vector sau khi xoa phan tu cuoi: ";
    for(int val : vec) std::cout << val << " "; // Output: 10 25 30 40
    std::cout << std::endl;


    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

// Ham sap xep noi bot (Bubble Sort)
void bubbleSort(std::vector<int>& arr) {
    int n = arr.size();
    // Duyet qua tat ca cac phan tu trong mang
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {
        // vong lap thu nhat co nhiem vu day phan tu lon nhat chua duoc sap xep ve cuoi
        // Duyet cac cap phan tu lien ke
        for (int j = 0; j < n - 1 - i; ++j) { // -i vi cac phan tu cuoi cung da dung cho
            // Neu phan tu hien tai lon hon phan tu ke tiep, hoan doi chung
            if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {
                // Hoan doi arr[j] va arr[j+1]
                int temp = arr[j];
                arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
                arr[j + 1] = temp;
            }
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    std::vector<int> numbers = {64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90};

    std::cout << "Mang truoc khi sap xep: ";
    for(int val : numbers) std::cout << val << " "; // Output: 64 34 25 12 22 11 90
    std::cout << std::endl;

    bubbleSort(numbers);

    std::cout << "Mang sau khi sap xep (Bubble Sort): ";
    for(int val : numbers) std::cout << val << " "; // Output: 11 12 22 25 34 64 90
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm> // Can thu vien nay

int main() {
    std::vector<int> numbers = {64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90};

    std::cout << "Mang truoc khi sap xep: ";
    for(int val : numbers) std::cout << val << " "; // Output: 64 34 25 12 22 11 90
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // Sap xep tang dan
    std::sort(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());

    std::cout << "Mang sau khi sap xep tang dan (std::sort): ";
    for(int val : numbers) std::cout << val << " "; // Output: 11 12 22 25 34 64 90
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::vector<int> anotherNumbers = {5, 2, 8, 1, 9, 4};
    std::cout << "Mang truoc khi sap xep: ";
    for(int val : anotherNumbers) std::cout << val << " "; // Output: 5 2 8 1 9 4
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // Sap xep giam dan
    std::sort(anotherNumbers.begin(), anotherNumbers.end(), std::greater<int>());

    std::cout << "Mang sau khi sap xep giam dan (std::sort): ";
    for(int val : anotherNumbers) std::cout << val << " "; // Output: 9 8 5 4 2 1
    std::cout << std::endl;


    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <limits> // Can std::numeric_limits

int main() {
    std::vector<int> numbers = {15, 8, 22, 45, 5, 30};

    if (numbers.empty()) {
        std::cout << "Mang rong, khong co phan tu lon nhat/nho nhat." << std::endl;
        return 0;
    }

    int maxVal = std::numeric_limits<int>::min(); // Khoi tao gia tri max rat nho
    int minVal = std::numeric_limits<int>::max(); // Khoi tao gia tri min rat lon

    for (int val : numbers) {
        if (val > maxVal) {
            maxVal = val; // Cap nhat max neu tim thay gia tri lon hon
        }
        if (val < minVal) {
            minVal = val; // Cap nhat min neu tim thay gia tri nho hon
        }
    }

    std::cout << "Phan tu lon nhat: " << maxVal << std::endl; // Output: 45
    std::cout << "Phan tu nho nhat: " << minVal << std::endl; // Output: 5

    // Co the dung thu vien chuan:
    // auto max_it = std::max_element(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());
    // auto min_it = std::min_element(numbers.begin(), numbers.end());
    // std::cout << "Max (std::): " << *max_it << std::endl;
    // std::cout << "Min (std::): " << *min_it << std::endl;


    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <numeric> // Can thu vien nay cho std::accumulate

int main() {
    std::vector<double> numbers = {10.5, 20.0, 15.5, 5.0};

    if (numbers.empty()) {
        std::cout << "Mang rong, khong the tinh tong hoac trung binh." << std::endl;
        return 0;
    }

    double tong = 0.0;
    for (double val : numbers) {
        tong += val; // Cong don gia tri
    }

    double trungBinh = tong / numbers.size();

    std::cout << "Tong cac phan tu: " << tong << std::endl; // Output: 51
    std::cout << "Trung binh cong: " << trungBinh << std::endl; // Output: 12.75

    // Co the dung thu vien chuan:
    // double tong_std = std::accumulate(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), 0.0);
    // std::cout << "Tong (std::accumulate): " << tong_std << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm> // Can thu vien nay cho std::reverse

int main() {
    std::vector<int> numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

    std::cout << "Mang truoc khi dao nguoc: ";
    for(int val : numbers) std::cout << val << " "; // Output: 1 2 3 4 5
    std::cout << std::endl;

    int left = 0;
    int right = numbers.size() - 1;

    while (left < right) {
        // Hoan doi phan tu tai left va right
        int temp = numbers[left];
        numbers[left] = numbers[right];
        numbers[right] = temp;

        // Dich chuyen con tro vao trong
        left++;
        right--;
    }

    std::cout << "Mang sau khi dao nguoc (thu cong): ";
    for(int val : numbers) std::cout << val << " "; // Output: 5 4 3 2 1
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::vector<int> anotherNumbers = {10, 20, 30, 40};
     std::cout << "Mang truoc khi dao nguoc: ";
    for(int val : anotherNumbers) std::cout << val << " "; // Output: 10 20 30 40
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // Dung thu vien chuan
    std::reverse(anotherNumbers.begin(), anotherNumbers.end());

    std::cout << "Mang sau khi dao nguoc (std::reverse): ";
    for(int val : anotherNumbers) std::cout << val << " "; // Output: 40 30 20 10
    std::cout << std::endl;


    return 0;
}